Fostering climate doubt

Step 1 – The Luntz Memo

  • What were the recommendations made by Frank Luntz to US Republicans on how to talk about the environment?
  • Source: The 2002 Luntz Memo

Step 2 – Merchants of doubt

Step 3 – Climate denial communication

  • Based on Brulle & Werthman (2021) and Schuldt et al (2017), explain how public relations firms and certain expressions can help foster climate doubt or denial.

Sources